B-13 Peer Review: A Moment In Black History-

B-13 Peer Review   has decided to make black history not just a month February. We are creating a weekly posting amply called as above, B-13 Peer Review: A Moment In Black History. So stay tuned for we are in the business of educating, and sparking deep thought in our people and all people...

July, 1944: Irene Morgan, a mother of two, refuses to give up her seat on a Greyhound bus in Virginia bound for Baltimore

Two years later, the Supreme Court rules in Irene Morgan vs. Virginia that segregation in interstate travel is unconstitutional.

In the spring of 1946, Irene Morgan, a black woman, boarded a bus in Virginia to go to Baltimore, Maryland. She was ordered to sit in the back of the bus, as Virginia state law required. She objected, saying that since the bus was an interstate bus, the Virginia law did not apply. Morgan was arrested and fined ten dollars. Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP took on the case. They argued that since an 1877 Supreme Court decision ruled that it was illegal for a state to forbid segregation, then it was likewise illegal for a state to require it. The United States Supreme Court agreed:  "As no state law can reach beyond its own border nor bar transportation of passengers across its boundaries, diverse seating requirements for the races in interstate journeys result. As there is no federal act dealing with the separation of races in interstate transportation, we must decide the validity of this Virginia statute on the challenge that it interferes with commerce, as a matter of balance between the exercise of the local police power and the need for national uniformity in the regulations for interstate travel. It seems clear to us that seating arrangements for the different races in interstate motor travel require a single, uniform rule to promote and protect national travel. Consequently, we hold the Virginia statute in controversy invalid." The court did not rule that segregated transportation within the state was unconstitutional. The ruling, while another defeat for segregation in law, did not have an immediate impact. Buses still segregated its passengers until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s put an end to the practice once and for all. -- Richard Wormser